Across

1. Which saint reconciled the philosophy of Aristotle with the teachings of the Catholic Church and formulated five proofs for the existence of God? (6,7)

7. Alchemists sought the Philosopher's Stone in order to turn base metals into what substance? (4)

8. 'If Figaro shaves all of the men in Seville except those who shave themselves, does he shave himself?' What is the popular name of this paradox? (6)

10. In biology and in Aristotle's method of classification, a species is a subclass of what broad category? (5)

12. Things present for the senses are known as phenomena. What term is applied to things in themselves and the objects of reason? (7)

13. What term, from the Greek word for 'customary', denotes statements that express natural or scientific laws, contrasting them with contingent, moral or legal claims? (5)

14. He holds that 'dissensus' is a more democratic form of discourse than rationalistic consensus, who wrote The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge? (7)

16. Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu applied the term to their philosophy, what Chinese word means 'The Way'? (3)

18. It shares its name with a Parisian cathedral, in which American university is the Jacques Maritain Centre situated? (5,4)

20. Author of The Varieties of Reference and associated with the twentieth century reaction against Descartes' view of the disembodied mind, which British philosopher argued that thinking depends on the capacities of the body? (5)

21. "making things plain to uninstructed people was one of the very best means of clearing up the obscure ... in one's own mind." T.H. Huxley, Man's Place in Nature. (7)

22. "They lard their lean books with the ... of others." 'Democritus to the Reader', Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy. (3)

23. Her name became proverbial for a scold, though this probably has more to do with the attitude of ancient philosophers towards women than with her actual character, who was married to Socrates? (9)

1. What is Kant's term for an object as it exists unperceived? (5,2,6)

2. Derived from the Greek word for 'tool', what is the Latin title of Aristotle's treatises on logic? (7)

3. In traditional logic, what term is used for a universal quantifier? (3)

4. Associated with the Christian existentialist tradition established by Kierkegaard, which Spanish philosopher and novelist wrote The Tragic Sense of Life? (7)

5. What term, associated with Rousseau, denotes a human being uncorrupted by the artificial demands of civilised society? (5,6)

6. Halab, home of the Islamic philosopher al-farabi 'the Second Master' under the patronage of al-Dawla, was situated in the northern part of what country? (5)

9. Contrasted with synthetic statements, what term does Kant apply to statements in which the predicate is in some sense present in the subject, as in 'bachelors are unmarried'? (8)

11. In this existentialist work Simone de Beauvoir argues that men coerce women into adopting the role of the Other. The ... ... .(6,3)

15. In his book Knowledge and the Flow of Information, which contemporary American philosopher claims 'In the beginning there was information. The word came later." (7)

17. Informed by the work of gestalt psychologists and an influence on philosophers studying the modular nature of perception, what graphic discipline is characterised by the use of abstract linear patterns drawn in black and white to create visual illusions of depth, colour and movement? (2,3)

19. According to Aristotle, what element naturally moves towards the centre of the universe? (5)

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